Previous Studies and How to Employ Them in Scientific Research: A Methodological and Critical Approach

Abstract

This study examines previous studies as a core component in constructing scientific research, whose role is not limited to presenting what researchers have accomplished, but extends to guiding the research trajectory and positioning it within existing cumulative knowledge. The study aims to clarify the concept of previous studies, their sources, and classification criteria; outline the procedural foundations for reviewing them; analyze how they are employed in constructing the research problem along with its theoretical and methodological frameworks; and highlight their role in revealing research gaps and determining the scientific addition of the current study. The study adopted a descriptive-analytical approach through reviewing and analyzing specialized literature and studies in scientific research methodology and previous studies.

The findings indicate that the scientific value of previous studies is tied to their relevance to the research topic, their academic quality, and the researcher's ability to analyze, critique, and link their findings to the problem, objectives, and methodology of the current research. Furthermore, treating previous studies merely as isolated summaries limits their scientific value, whereas employing them in an analytical and critical manner helps define the research problem, formulate its questions or hypotheses, select appropriate methodologies and instruments, and interpret findings in light of existing knowledge. The study concludes that the methodological and critical review of previous studies represents an essential mechanism for transitioning from knowledge consumption to the production of new scientific knowledge.